努力减轻地震灾害 加快城市防震减灾规划编制工作   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董宝忠 《东北地震研究》2003,19(2):77-80

结合辽宁省的实际情况，对编制城市防震减灾规划的条件、内容、要求等做了较系统的介绍。  相似文献   

Credited forest carbon sinks: how the cost reduction is allocated among countries and sectors     

Johanna Pohjola  Leena Kerkelä  Raisa Mäkipää 《Climate Policy》2003,3(4):445-461

Forest carbon sinks have been included in the Kyoto Protocol as one of the mechanisms for mitigating climate change. Consequently, credited sinks decrease the need to reduce emissions. We analyse in detail both the economywide and the sectoral effects of inclusion of carbon sinks as agreed upon in Bonn and Marrakesh for the first commitment period of 2008–2012. The focus of our analysis is the special treatment for Canada and Japan that allows them larger sinks. The analysis is performed with the multi-region computable general equilibrium (CGE) model GTAP-E.New Zealand benefits most from the inclusion of sinks as it gains large carbon sinks from afforestation. Also in Sweden, Canada and Japan the costs of achieving the emission target are considerably reduced. Of these countries, only Canada has high costs without sinks. Thus credited sinks partly reduce the difference in economic burden of achieving the Kyoto target among countries. Even though larger sinks clearly benefit Canada and Japan, their effect on other countries, either on the economywide or on the sectoral level, remains marginal. Allowing larger sinks is, indeed, of relatively minor importance for the world economy and emission reduction, compared to the US withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol.  相似文献   

关于推进防灾减灾与提高城市可持续发展能力的思考   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

王绍玉  郝春新 《国际地震动态》2002,(3):4-7

探讨了城市化导致灾害加剧对城市可持续发展构成的危害，分析了城市防灾减灾能力的现状，从发挥政府主导作用、推进科技减灾、加大防灾减灾投入等方面，提出了强化城市防灾减灾能力、实现城市可持续发展的对策和建议。  相似文献   

昆仑山口西8.1级地震应急工作概况及震后有关问题的思考     

哈辉 《高原地震》2002,14(1):11-16

从震害损失评估、震后监测预报、初步科学考察、震后社会对策等几方面，对昆仑山口西8．1级地震应急工作进行了概述。通过对加强青藏构造块体及其边缘地区的地震监测预测及防震减灾工作紧迫性、重要性的分析，提出了震后工作设想和措施。  相似文献   

依靠科学技术进步全面推动防震减灾工作--青海省地震局(队)成立30年科技工作回顾     

哈辉  刘海宽  裴丽萍 《高原地震》2002,14(4):9-17

对青海省地震局(青海省地震队)成立30年来防震减灾科学技术工作取得的主要进展进行了简要回顾，对今后工作要点进行了初步分析。  相似文献   

水位改正中"虚拟验潮站"的快速内插   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵俊生  任来平 《测绘工程》2002,11(3):18-21

认为分带法水位改正就是在现有验潮站的基础上内插出若干“虚拟验潮站”，每个“虚拟验潮站”应有自己的编号，控制范围和水位数据，文中对分带法的新解释有利于计算机编程实现。  相似文献   

Mercury in Western Canadian subbituminous coal—a weighted average study to evaluate potential mercury reduction by selective mining     

F. Goodarzi  N. N. Goodarzi 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2004,58(4):251-259

Western Canadian subbituminous coal is mined using strip-mining methods. The coal is used to feed coal-fired power plants for electricity generation. Parameters that influence the mercury content of these coals include the occurrence and frequency of partings in the seam, weathering, and epigenetic mineralization. Most partings have higher mercury content than the coal layers in the same seam, with the single bentonite bed having the highest Hg content. However, some high ash components, such as sandy siltstone, do not follow this trend. The incorporation of the high mercury partings into the as-mined coal may increase the Hg content in the feed coal. Epigenetic mineralization may also increase the mercury content of coal, depending on the nature of the mineralization.Calculation of the weighted mean of mercury content for various combination of lithological components of a seam illustrates how these components influence the total mercury content of the seam. This approach also suggests how selective mining might be used to reduce mercury in “as-mined” coal.Results of weighted average calculations of mercury indicate that the thin lithological units with moderate mercury may not necessarily influence that overall weighted average of Hg for a seam. However, there can be exception, such as presence of thin (3.5 cm) bentonite parting with high mercury in a 94.5 cm seam that increased the mercury content of seam by 83.4%.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Peruvian near-surface sediments   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Philipp Böning  Michael E. Böttcher  Cornelia Kriete  Sven Lars Borchers 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(21):4429-4451

Sixteen short sediment cores were recovered from the upper edge (UEO), within (WO) and below (BO) the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Peru during cruise 147 of R/V Sonne. Solids were analyzed for major/trace elements, total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, total sulfur, the stable sulfur isotope composition (δ³⁴S) of pyrite, and sulfate reduction rates (SRR). Pore waters were analyzed for dissolved sulfate/sulfide and δ³⁴S of sulfate. In all cores highest SRR were observed in the top 5 cm where pore water sulfate concentrations varied little due to resupply of sulfate by sulfide oxidation and/or diffusion of sulfate from bottom water. δ³⁴S of dissolved sulfate showed only minor downcore increases. Strong ³²S enrichments in sedimentary pyrite (to −48‰ vs. V-CDT) are due to processes in the oxidative part of the sulfur cycle in addition to sulfate reduction. Manganese and Co are significantly depleted in Peruvian upwelling sediments most likely due to mobilization from particles settling through the OMZ, whereas release of both elements from reducing sediments only seems to occur in near-coastal sites. Cadmium, Mo and Re are exceptionally enriched in WO sediments (<600 m water depth). High Re and moderate Cd and Mo enrichments are seen in BO sediments (>600 m water depth). Re/Mo ratios indicate anoxic and suboxic conditions for WO and BO sediments, respectively. Cadmium and Mo downcore profiles suggest considerable contribution to UEO/WO sediments by a biodetrital phase, whereas Re presumably accumulates via diffusion across the sediment-water interface to precipitation depth. Uranium is distinctly enriched in WO sediments (due to sulfidic conditions) and in some BO sediments (due to phosphorites). Silver transfer to suboxic BO sediments is likely governed by diatomaceous matter input, whereas in anoxic WO sediments Ag is presumably trapped due to sulfide precipitation. Cadmium, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Ag, and T1 predominantly accumulate via biogenic pre-concentration in plankton remains. Rhenium, Sb, As, V, U and Mo are enriched in accordance with seawater TE availability. Lead and Bi enrichment in UEO surface sediments is likely contributed by anthropogenic activity (mining). Accumulation rates of TOC, Cd, Mo, U, and V from Peruvian and Namibian sediments exceed those from the Oman Margin and Gulf of California due to enhanced preservation off Peru and Namibia.  相似文献   

膨胀土边坡长期稳定性的一种研究途径     

徐千军  陆杨 《岩土力学》2004,25(Z2):108-112

由于降雨等原因,边坡的地下水位往往会在一定范围内反复变化,使得在稳定的地下水位以上的部分岩土体经常处于干湿循环的状态.这对膨胀土边坡的稳定尤其不利.边坡稳定的极限分析方法只适用于比例加载的情况.当其上所受到的全部或部分载荷发生反复变化时,应该采用安定分析来评价边坡的安全性.本文根据率形式的Koiter机动安定定理,提出了考虑地下水位往反变化情况下边坡安定的上限分析方法.利用抗剪强度参数折减定义的安全系数,能够定量地计算载荷变化对边坡稳定性的影响.最后,通过一个直立边坡的简单算例证明了本文方法的有效性.  相似文献   

Groundwater inflow and associated transport of phosphorus to a hypereutrophic lake   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W.-J. Kang  K. V. Kolasa  M. W. Rials 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(4):565-575

Hydrogeochemical data from lake, sediment pore, and well waters were used to quantify groundwater seepage and the associated transport of phosphorus to Lake Persimmon, Florida, USA. The data show that lake chloride concentrations vary as a function of lake elevations that are controlled by groundwater inflow. A whole-lake average seepage rate, estimated using a simple one dimensional advection-diffusion model fitted to the lake chloride profile, currently averages 2.3 ± 0.3 cm yr^-1 and is in reasonable agreement with the rate of advective flow obtained from the pore water chloride profile. The ratios of nutrient regeneration versus sulfate consumption indicate that the phosphorus enrichment in deeper portions of sediment pore water is most likely a result of groundwater phosphorus transport through sediment. Thus, the net inputs of groundwater phosphorus to the lake, calculated using the deep pore water phosphorus concentration, are about 7.4 ± 4.3 mg P m^-2 yr^-1 and comparable with recent in situ estimates from seepage meters. This study provides a simple hydrogeochemical method for estimating hydrologic and phosphorus inputs via groundwater to the lake, thereby supporting current efforts for lake management.  相似文献